Abstrakte Formen, glatte Oberflächen, klare Linien – die Objekte aus der Sammlung mathematischer Modelle und Instrumente der Universität Göttingen erinnern ein bisschen an moderne Kunst. Doch hinter ihrer ästhetischen Erscheinung verbirgt sich ein tieferer Sinn: die Veranschaulichung komplexer mathematischer Konzepte. Die Modelle machen Mathematik begreifbar. Verwendet wurden Sie im Unterricht beispielweise im Bereich der Geometrie und der angewandten Mathematik.
Die Sammlung mathematischer Modelle der Universität Göttingen ist heute nicht nur eine der bedeutendsten in Deutschland, sondern auch die umfangreichste. Ihre Geschichte reicht bis ins 19. Jahrhundert, in die Zeit bedeutender Mathematiker wie Carl Friedrich Gauß (1777-1855) und Alfred Clebsch (1833–1872).
Historische Wurzeln und Entwicklungen
Zu Lebzeiten von Carl Friedrich Gauß (1777-1855), einem der herausragendsten Mathematiker seiner Zeit, gründete die Hannoversche Regierung das Mathematisch-physikalische Seminar in Göttingen. Daraus entstand 1922 das heutige Mathematische Institut.
Die Gründung des Instituts war der Beginn der Göttinger Sammlung Mathematischer Modelle und Instrumente. Hermann Amandus Schwarz (1843–1921) gilt als Gründer der Sammlung. Er und seine Zeitgenossen ließen Instrumente und Modelle für ihre Forschung anfertigen, die später in die Sammlung eingingen. Im Zentrum der Sammlung stehen geometrische Modelle aus verschiedenen Materialien wie Gips, Holz, Karton und Metall. Besonders faszinierend sind die Hyperboloid-Modelle, die durch ihre einzigartige Form hervorstechen. Die Modelle wurden zur Veranschaulichung von Flächen und anderen mathematischen Objekten konstruiert. Viele wurden serienmäßig hergestellt und auch von anderen Universitäten zu Unterrichtszwecken erworben.
Mathematik zum Anfassen!
Die Objekte der Göttinger Sammlung bieten einen faszinierenden Einblick in die Mathematik des 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhunderts. Von Kartonpolyedern, also dreidimensionalen Körpern mit ebenen Flächen, aus dem 18. Jahrhundert bis hin zu Rechenmaschinen und Zeichengeräten dokumentieren die Objekte der Sammlung die Entwicklung der Mathematik an der Universität Göttingen. Die meisten davon stammen aus der Zeit zwischen 1870 und 1920 und geben einen guten Einblick in die Mathematik aus dieser Zeit, in der sich die Universität Göttingen zu einem der bedeutendsten mathematischen Zentren in Deutschland Entwickelte.
Ein Schaufenster in die Geschichte der Mathematik im Forum Wissen
Im Sammlungsschaufenster sind verschiedene Hyperboloid Modelle ausgestellt. Das Wort „Hyperboloid“ bedeutet, dass die Fläche aus einer Hyperbel entsteht, die man um eine senkrechte Achse dreht. Dabei handelt es sich also um den Rotationskörper einer Hyperbel. In der Geometrie ist die Hyperbel stark vereinfacht erklärt eine spezielle Kurve, die aus zwei zueinander symmetrischen, sich ins Unendliche erstreckenden Ästen besteht. Das Hyperboloid Modell sieht aus wie ein in sich verdrehter Zylinder, es gibt ein- und zweischalige Hyperboloid, die durch verschiedene Gleichungen gebildet werden. Typisch für diese geometrische Form in der Mathematik sind die Bögen, die am linken und rechten Rand der Figur zu erkennen sind, sowie ihre Taille.
Die Sammlung mathematischer Modelle der Universität Göttingen ist heute auch ein wertvolles Zeugnis der wissenschaftlichen Forschung und Lehre aus verschiedenen Epochen. Durch ihre Vielfalt und historische Bedeutung bietet die Sammlung die Möglichkeit, mathematische Entwicklungen und Innovationen vergangener Zeiten zu erkunden. Heute sind die mathematischen Modelle vor allem auch wissenschaftshistorisch von großem Interesse.
Mehr aus dem Sammlungsschaufenster gibt es auf unserem Blog!
51 Antworten auf „Ein Blick in die Sammlung Mathematischer Modelle der Uni Göttingen“
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